The Concept of Freedom: Effects of Ockham’s Revolution
Abstract
The notion of freedom is one of the most important topics in philosophy. For centuries different, often opposing, conceptions of freedom were developed. This article deals with the main points of the traditional conception (freedom for excellence) created primarily by Thomas Aquinas, and with the transition of European thought to a different, even contrary conception (freedom of indifference). The author shows how this second conception proposed by Ockham, found its place in the philosophy of such different philosophers as Rousseau, Kant, Sartre, and in the everyday thinking of contemporary people.
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